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The following partial table of contents links to the free online version of British Columbia Building Code 2018 hosted on the BC Publications website at
https://www.bcpublications.ca/BCPublications/
No affiliation or endorsement is implied. The links are provided as a reference of convenience only.
British Columbia Building Code 2018
Table of Contents - part 9
9.2. Definitions
9.3. Materials, Systems and Equipment
9.5. Design of Areas and Spaces
9.7. Windows, Doors and Skylights
9.8. Stairs, Ramps, Landings, Handrails and Guards
9.13. Dampproofing, Waterproofing and Soil Gas Control
9.15. Footings and Foundations
9.20. Masonry and Insulating Concrete Form Walls Not In Contact with the Ground
9.21. Masonry and Concrete Chimneys and Flues
9.24. Sheet Steel Stud Wall Framing
9.25. Heat Transfer, Air Leakage and Condensation Control
9.29. Interior Wall and Ceiling Finishes
9.33. Heating and Air-conditioning
Notes to Part 9
Fire and Sound Resistance Tables
Span Tables
9.2.1. General
9.2.1.1. Defined Words
9_3
9.3.1. Concrete
9.3.1.1. General
9.3.1.2. Cement
9.3.1.3. Concrete in Contact with Sulphate Soil
9.3.1.4. Aggregates
9.3.1.5. Water
9.3.1.6. Compressive Strength
9.3.1.7. Concrete Mixes
9.3.1.8. Admixtures
9.3.1.9. Cold Weather Requirements
​
9.3.2. Lumber and Wood Products
9.3.2.1. Grade Marking
9.3.2.2. Lumber Grades
9.3.2.3. Machine Stress Rated Lumber
9.3.2.4. OSB, Waferboard and Plywood Marking
9.3.2.5. Moisture Content
9.3.2.6. Lumber Dimensions
9.3.2.7. Panel Thickness Tolerances
9.3.2.8. Undersized Lumber
9.3.2.9. Termite and Decay Protection
​
9.3.3. Metal
9.3.3.1. Sheet Metal Thickness
9.3.3.2. Galvanized Sheet Steel
9_4
9.4.1. Structural Design Requirements and Application Limitations
9.4.1.1. General
​
9.4.2. Specified Loads
9.4.2.1. Application
9.4.2.2. Specified Snow Loads
9.4.2.3. Platforms Subject to Snow and Occupancy Loads
9.4.2.4. Attics and Roof Spaces
​
9.4.3. Deflections
9.4.3.1. Deflections
​
9.4.4. Foundation Conditions
9.4.4.1. Allowable Bearing Pressures
9.4.4.2. Foundation Capacity in Weaker Soil and Rock
9.4.4.3. High Water Table
9.4.4.4. Soil Movement
9.4.4.5. Retaining Walls
9.4.4.6. Walls Supporting Drained Earth
9_5
9.5.1. General
9.5.1.1. Method of Measurement
9.5.1.2. Combination Rooms
​
9.5.2. Access for Persons with Disabilities
9.5.2.1. General
9.5.2.2. Protection on Accessible Floor Areas
9.5.2.3. Reserved
​
9.5.3. Ceiling Heights
9.5.3.1. Ceiling Heights of Rooms or Spaces - table
9.5.3.2. Mezzanines
9.5.3.3. Storage Garages
​
9.5.4. Hallways
9.5.4.1. Hallway Width
​
9.5.5. Doorway Sizes
9.5.5.1. Doorway Opening Sizes
9.5.5.2. Doorways to Public Water-Closet Rooms
9.5.5.3. Doorways to Rooms with a Bathtub, Shower or Water Closet
9_6
9.6.1. General
9.6.1.1. Application
9.6.1.2. Material Standards for Glass
9.6.1.3. Structural Sufficiency of Glass - table
9.6.1.4. Types of Glass and Protection of Glass
9_7
9.7.1. General
9.7.1.1. Application
9.7.2. Required Windows, Doors and Skylights
9.7.2.1. Entrance Doors
9.7.2.2. Reserved
9.7.3. Performance of Windows, Doors and Skylights
9.7.3.1. General
9.7.3.2. Heat Transfer Performance
9.7.3.3. Thermal Characteristics of Windows, Doors and Skylights
9.7.4. Design and Construction
9.7.4.1. General
9.7.4.2. Standards
9.7.4.3. Performance Requirements
9.7.5. Resistance to Forced Entry
9.7.5.1. Resistance to Forced Entry for Sliding Doors
9.7.5.2. Resistance to Forced Entry for Swinging Doors
9.7.5.3. Resistance to Forced Entry for Windows
9.7.6. Installation
9.7.6.1. Installation of Windows, Doors and Skylights
9.7.6.2. Sealants, Trim and Flashing
9_8
9.8.1. Application
9.8.1.1. General
9.8.1.2. Stairs, Ramps, Landings, Handrails and Guards in Garages
9.8.1.3. Exit Stairs, Ramps and Landings
9.8.1.4. Escalators and Moving Walkways
9.8.2. Stair Dimensions
9.8.2.1. Stair Width
9.8.2.2. Height over Stairs
9.8.3. Stair Configurations
9.8.3.1. Permitted Configurations
9.8.3.2. Minimum Number of Risers
9.8.3.3. Maximum Height of Stairs
9.8.4. Step Dimensions
9.8.4.1. Dimensions for Risers - table
9.8.4.2. Dimensions for Rectangular Treads - table
9.8.4.3. Dimensions of Tapered Treads
9.8.4.4. Uniformity and Tolerances for Risers, Runs and Treads
9.8.4.5. Reserved
9.8.4.6. Winders
9.8.4.7. Reserved
9.8.4.8. Tread Nosings
9.8.5. Ramps
9.8.5.1. Application
9.8.5.2. Ramp Width
9.8.5.3. Height over Ramps
9.8.5.4. Ramp Slope
9.8.5.5. Maximum Rise
​
9.8.6. Landings
9.8.6.1. Application
9.8.6.2. Required Landings
9.8.6.3. Dimensions of Landings
9.8.6.4. Height over Landings
9.8.6.5. Tactile Warning
9.8.7. Handrails
9.8.7.1. Required Handrails - table
9.8.7.2. Continuity of Handrails
9.8.7.3. Termination of Handrails
9.8.7.4. Height of Handrails
9.8.7.5. Ergonomic Design
9.8.7.6. Projections into Stairs and Ramps
9.8.7.7. Design and Attachment of Handrails
9.8.8. Guards
9.8.8.1. Required Guards
9.8.8.2. Loads on Guards
9.8.8.3. Height of Guards
9.8.8.4. Guards for Floors and Ramps in Garages
9.8.8.5. Openings in Guards
9.8.8.6. Design of Guards to Not Facilitate Climbing
9.8.8.7. Glass in Guards
9.8.9. Construction
9.8.9.1. Loads on Stairs and Ramps
9.8.9.2. Exterior Concrete Stairs
9.8.9.3. Exterior Wood Steps
9.8.9.4. Wooden Stair Stringers
9.8.9.5. Treads
9.8.9.6. Finish for Treads and Landings
9.8.10. Cantilevered Precast Concrete Steps
9.8.10.1. Design
9.8.10.2. Anchorage
9.8.10.3. Prevention of Damage Due to Frost
9_9
9.9.1. General
9.9.1.1. Application
9.9.1.2. Fire Protection
9.9.1.3. Occupant Load
​
9.9.2. Types and Purpose of Exits
9.9.2.1. Types of Exits
9.9.2.2. Purpose of Exits
9.9.2.3. Elevators, Slide Escapes and Windows as Means of Egress
9.9.2.4. Principal Entrances
​
9.9.3. Dimensions of Means of Egress
9.9.3.1. Application
9.9.3.2. Exit Width
9.9.3.3. Width of Corridors
9.9.3.4. Clear Height
​
9.9.4. Fire Protection of Exits
9.9.4.1. Application
9.9.4.2. Fire Separations for Exits
9.9.4.3. Wired Glass or Glass Block
9.9.4.4. Openings Near Unenclosed Exterior Exit Stairs and Ramps
9.9.4.5. Openings in Exterior Walls of Exits
9.9.4.6. Openings Near Exit Doors
9.9.4.7. Stairways in 2 Storey, Group D or E Buildings
​
9.9.5. Obstructions and Hazards in Means of Egress
9.9.5.1. Application
9.9.5.2. Occupancies in Corridors
9.9.5.3. Obstructions in Public Corridors
9.9.5.4. Obstructions in Exits
9.9.5.5. Obstructions in Means of Egress
9.9.5.6. Mirrors or Draperies
9.9.5.7. Fuel-Fired Appliances
9.9.5.8. Service Rooms
9.9.5.9. Ancillary Rooms
​
9.9.6. Doors in a Means of Egress
9.9.6.1. Obstructions by Doors
9.9.6.2. Clear Opening Height at Doorways
9.9.6.3. Clear Opening Width at Doorways
9.9.6.4. Door Action
9.9.6.5. Direction of Door Swing
9.9.6.6. Nearness of Doors to Stairs
9.9.6.7. Door Latching, Locking and Opening Mechanisms
9.9.6.8. Effort Required to Open
9.9.7. Access to Exits
9.9.7.1. Egress from Roof Area, Podiums, Terraces, Platforms and Contained Open Spaces
9.9.7.2. Means of Egress from Suites
9.9.7.3. Dead-End Corridors
9.9.7.4. Number and Spacing of Egress Doors - table
9.9.7.5. Independent Access to Exit
9.9.7.6. Travel Distance within Rooms and Suites
9.9.8. Exits from Floor Areas
9.9.8.1. Measurement of Travel Distance
9.9.8.2. Number of Required Exits
9.9.8.3. Contribution of Each Exit
9.9.8.4. Location of Exits
9.9.8.5. Exiting through a Lobby
9.9.8.6. Mezzanine Means of Egress
9.9.9. Egress from Dwelling Units
9.9.9.1. Travel Limit to Exits or Egress Doors
9.9.9.2. Two Separate Exits
9.9.9.3. Shared Egress Facilities
9.9.10. Egress from Bedrooms
9.9.10.1. Egress Windows or Doors for Bedrooms
9.9.11. Signs
9.9.11.1. Application
9.9.11.2. Visibility of Exits
9.9.11.3. Exit Signs
9.9.11.4. Signs for Stairs and Ramps at Exit Level
9.9.11.5. Floor Numbering
9.9.12. Lighting
9.9.12.1. Application
9.9.12.2. Required Lighting in Egress Facilities
9.9.12.3. Emergency Lighting
9_10
9.10.1. Definitions and Application
9.10.1.1. Sloped Roofs
9.10.1.2. Testing of Integrated Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems
9.10.1.3. Items under Part 3 Jurisdiction
9.10.1.4. Items under Part 6 Jurisdiction
9.10.2. Occupancy Classification
9.10.2.1. Occupancy Classification - table
9.10.2.2. Custodial, Convalescent and Residential Care Homes
9.10.2.3. Group A, Division 2, Low Occupant Load
9.10.2.4. Major Occupancies above Other Major Occupancies
9.10.2.5. Buildings Containing More Than One Major Occupancy
9.10.3. Ratings
9.10.3.1. Fire-Resistance and Fire-Protection Ratings
9.10.3.2. Flame-Spread Ratings
9.10.3.3. Fire Exposure
9.10.3.4. Suspended Membrane Ceilings
9.10.4. Building Size Determination
9.10.4.1. Mezzanines not Considered as Storeys
9.10.4.2. More Than One Level of Mezzanine
9.10.4.3. Basement Storage Garages
9.10.4.4. Roof-Top Enclosures
9.10.5. Permitted Openings in Wall and Ceiling Membranes
9.10.5.1. Permitted Openings in Wall and Ceiling Membranes
9.10.6. Construction Types
9.10.6.1. Combustible Elements in Noncombustible Construction
9.10.6.2. Heavy Timber Construction
9.10.7. Steel Members
9.10.7.1. Protection of Steel Members
9.10.8. Fire Resistance and Combustibility in Relation to
Occupancy, Height and Supported Elements
9.10.8.1. Fire-Resistance Ratings for Floors and Roofs - table
9.10.8.2. Fire-Resistance Ratings in Sprinklered Buildings
9.10.8.3. Fire-Resistance Ratings for Walls, Columns and Arches
9.10.8.4. Support of Noncombustible Construction
9.10.8.5. Service Rooms
9.10.8.6. Mezzanines
9.10.8.7. Roofs Supporting an Occupancy
9.10.8.8. Floors of Exterior Passageways
9.10.8.9. Crawl Spaces
9.10.8.10. Application to Houses
9.10.8.11. Part 3 as an Alternative
9.10.9. Fire Separations between Rooms and Spaces within Buildings
9.10.9.1. Application
9.10.9.2. Continuous Barrier
9.10.9.3. Openings to be Protected with Closures
9.10.9.4. Floor Assemblies
9.10.9.5. Interconnected Floor Spaces
9.10.9.6. Penetration of Fire Separations
9.10.9.7. Combustible Drain, Waste and Vent Piping
9.10.9.8. Collapse of Combustible Construction
9.10.9.9. Reduction in Thickness of Fire Separation by Beams and Joists
9.10.9.10. Concealed Spaces above Fire Separations
9.10.9.11. Separation of Residential Occupancies
9.10.9.12. Residential Suites in Industrial Buildings
9.10.9.13. Separation of Suites
9.10.9.14. Separation of Residential Suites
9.10.9.15. Separation of Public Corridors
9.10.9.16. Separation of Storage Garages
9.10.9.17. Separation of Repair Garages
9.10.9.18. Exhaust Ducts Serving More Than One Fire Compartment
9.10.9.19. Central Vacuum Systems
9.10.9.20. Multiple Tenant Self Storage Warehouses
9.10.10. Service Rooms
9.10.10.1. Application
9.10.10.2. Service Room Floors
9.10.10.3. Separation of Service Rooms
9.10.10.4. Location of Fuel-Fired Appliances
9.10.10.5. Incinerators
9.10.10.6. Storage Rooms
9.10.11. Firewalls
9.10.11.1. Required Firewalls
9.10.11.2. Firewalls Not Required
9.10.11.3. Construction of Firewalls
9.10.12. Prevention of Fire Spread at Exterior Walls and between Storeys
9.10.12.1. Termination of Floors or Mezzanines
9.10.12.2. Location of Skylights
9.10.12.3. Exterior Walls Meeting at an Angle
9.10.12.4. Protection of Soffits
9.10.13. Doors, Dampers and Other Closures in Fire Separations
9.10.13.1. Closures - table
9.10.13.2. Solid Core Wood Door as a Closure
9.10.13.3. Unrated Wood Door Frames
9.10.13.4. Doors as a Means of Egress
9.10.13.5. Wired Glass as a Closure
9.10.13.6. Steel Door Frames
9.10.13.7. Glass Block as a Closure
9.10.13.8. Maximum Size of Opening
9.10.13.9. Door Latch
9.10.13.10. Self-closing Device
9.10.13.11. Hold-Open Devices
9.10.13.12. Service Room Doors
9.10.13.13. Fire Dampers
9.10.13.14. Fire Stop Flaps
9.10.13.15. Doors between Garages and Dwelling Units
9.10.13.16. Door Stops
9.10.14. Spatial Separation Between Buildings
9.10.14.1. Application
9.10.14.2. Area and Location of Exposing Building Face
9.10.14.3. Limiting Distance and Fire Department Response
9.10.14.4. Openings in Exposing Building Face - table
9.10.15. Spatial Separation Between Houses
9.10.15.1. Application
9.10.15.2. Area and Location of Exposing Building Face
9.10.15.3. Limiting Distance and Fire Department Response
9.10.15.4. Glazed Openings in Exposing Building Face - table
9.10.15.5. Construction of Exposing Building Face of Houses
9.10.16. Fire Blocks
9.10.16.1. Required Fire Blocks in Concealed Spaces
9.10.16.2. Required Fire Blocks in Wall Assemblies
9.10.16.3. Fire Block Materials
9.10.16.4. Penetration of Fire Blocks
9.10.17. Flame-Spread Limits
9.10.17.1. Flame-Spread Rating of Interior Surfaces
9.10.17.2. Ceilings in Exits or Public Corridors
9.10.17.3. Walls in Exits
9.10.17.4. Exterior Exit Passageways
9.10.17.5. Walls in Public Corridors
9.10.17.6. Calculation of Wall and Ceiling Areas
9.10.17.7. Corridors Containing an Occupancy
9.10.17.8. Light Diffusers and Lenses
9.10.17.9. Combustible Skylights
9.10.17.10. Protection of Foamed Plastics
9.10.17.11. Walls and Ceilings in Bathrooms
9.10.17.12. Coverings or Linings of Ducts
9.10.18. Alarm and Detection Systems
9.10.18.1. Access Provided through a Firewall
9.10.18.2. Fire Alarm System Required - table
9.10.18.3. Design and Installation Requirements
9.10.18.4. Rooms and Spaces Requiring Heat Detectors or Smoke Detectors
9.10.18.5. Smoke Detectors in Recirculating Air-Handling Systems
9.10.18.6. Portions of Buildings Considered as Separate Buildings
9.10.18.7. Central Vacuum Systems
9.10.18.8. Open-Air Storage Garages
9.10.19. Smoke Alarms
9.10.19.1. Required Smoke Alarms
9.10.19.2. Sound Patterns of Smoke Alarms
9.10.19.3. Location of Smoke Alarms
9.10.19.4. Power Supply
9.10.19.5. Interconnection of Smoke Alarms
9.10.19.6. Silencing of Smoke Alarms
9.10.19.7. Instructions for Maintenance and Care
9.10.19.8. Residential Fire Warning Systems
9.10.20. Firefighting
9.10.20.1. Windows or Access Panels Required
9.10.20.2. Access to Basements
9.10.20.3. Fire Department Access to Buildings
9.10.20.4. Portable Extinguishers
9.10.20.5. Freeze Protection of Fire Protection Systems
9.10.21. Fire Protection for Construction Camps
9.10.21.1. Requirements for Construction Camps
9.10.21.2. Separation of Sleeping Rooms
9.10.21.3. Floor Assemblies between the First and Second Storey
9.10.21.4. Walkways Connecting Buildings
9.10.21.5. Spatial Separations
9.10.21.6. Flame-Spread Ratings
9.10.21.7. Smoke Detectors
9.10.21.8. Portable Fire Extinguishers
9.10.21.9. Hose Stations
9.10.22. Fire Protection for Gas, Propane and Electric Cooktops and Ovens
9.10.22.1. Installation of Cooktops and Ovens
9.10.22.2. Vertical Clearances above Cooktops
9.10.22.3. Protection around Cooktops
9_11
9.11.1.1. Required Protection
9.11.1.2. Determination of Sound Transmission Ratings
9.11.1.3. Compliance with Required Ratings
9.11.1.4. Adjoining Constructions - table
9_12
9.12.1. General
9.12.1.1. Removal of Topsoil and Organic Matter
9.12.1.2. Standing Water
9.12.1.3. Protection from Freezing
9.12.2. Depth
9.12.2.1. Excavation to Undisturbed Soil
9.12.2.2. Minimum Depth of Foundations - table
9.12.3. Backfill
9.12.3.1. Placement of Backfill
9.12.3.2. Grading of Backfill
9.12.3.3. Deleterious Debris and Boulders
9.12.4. Trenches beneath Footings
9.12.4.1. Support of Footings
9_13
9.13.1. General
9.13.1.1. Scope and Application
9.13.2. Dampproofing
9.13.2.1. Required Dampproofing
9.13.2.2. Dampproofing Materials
9.13.2.3. Preparation of Surface
9.13.2.4. Application of Dampproofing Material
9.13.2.5. Moisture Protection for Interior Finishes
9.13.2.6. Dampproofing of Floors-on-Ground
9.13.3. Waterproofing
9.13.3.1. Required Waterproofing
9.13.3.2. Waterproofing Materials
9.13.3.3. Preparation of Surface
9.13.3.4. Application of Waterproofing Membranes
9.13.3.5. Floor Waterproofing System
​
9.13.4. Soil Gas Control
9.13.4.1. Application and Scope
9.13.4.2. Protection from Soil Gas Ingress
9.13.4.3. Rough-in for a Subfloor Depressurization System
9_14
9.14.1. Scope
9.14.1.1. Application
9.14.1.2. Crawl Spaces
9.14.1.3. Floors-on-Ground
9.14.2. Foundation Drainage
9.14.2.1. Foundation Wall Drainage
9.14.3. Drainage Tile and Pipe
9.14.3.1. Material Standards
9.14.3.2. Minimum Size
9.14.3.3. Installation
9.14.4. Granular Drainage Layer
9.14.4.1. Type of Granular Material
9.14.4.2. Installation
9.14.4.3. Grading
9.14.4.4. Wet Site Conditions
9.14.5. Drainage Disposal
9.14.5.1. Drainage Disposal
9.14.5.2. Sump Pits
9.14.5.3. Dry Wells
9.14.6. Surface Drainage
9.14.6.1. Surface Drainage
9.14.6.2. Drainage away from Wells or Septic Disposal Beds
9.14.6.3. Window Wells
9.14.6.4. Catch Basin
9.14.6.5. Downspouts
9_15
9.15.1. Application
9.15.1.1. General
9.15.1.2. Permafrost
9.15.1.3. Foundations for Deformation-Resistant Buildings
9.15.2. General
9.15.2.1. Concrete
9.15.2.2. Unit Masonry Construction
9.15.2.3. Pier-Type Foundations
9.15.2.4. Wood-Frame Foundations
9.15.3. Footings
9.15.3.1. Footings Required
9.15.3.2. Support of Footings
9.15.3.3. Application of Footing Width and Area Requirements
9.15.3.4. Basic Footing Widths and Areas - table
9.15.3.5. Adjustments to Footing Widths for Exterior Walls
9.15.3.6. Adjustments to Footing Widths for Interior Walls
9.15.3.7. Adjustments to Footing Area for Columns
9.15.3.8. Footing Thickness
9.15.3.9. Step Footings
​
9.15.4. Foundation Walls
9.15.4.1. Permanent Form Material
9.15.4.2. Foundation Wall Thickness and Required Lateral Support - table
9.15.4.3. Foundation Walls Considered to be Laterally Supported at the Top
9.15.4.4. Foundation Walls Considered to be Laterally Supported at the Bottom
9.15.4.5. Reinforcement for Flat Insulating Concrete Form Foundation Walls - table
9.15.4.6. Extension above Ground Level
9.15.4.7. Reduction in Thickness
9.15.4.8. Corbelling
9.15.4.9. Crack Control Joints
9.15.4.10. Interior Masonry Walls
​
9.15.5. Support of Joists and Beams on Masonry Foundation Walls
9.15.5.1. Support of Floor Joists
9.15.5.2. Support of Beams
9.15.5.3. Pilasters
​
9.15.6. Parging and Finishing of Masonry Foundation Walls
9.15.6.1. Foundation Walls below Ground
9.15.6.2. Foundation Walls above Ground
9.15.6.3. Form Ties
9_16
9.16.1. Scope
9.16.1.1. Application
9.16.1.2. Structural Floors
9.16.1.3. Required Floors-on-Ground
9.16.1.4. Dampproofing and Waterproofing
​
9.16.2. Material beneath Floors
9.16.2.1. Required Installation of Granular Material
9.16.2.2. Support of Floors
​
9.16.3. Drainage
9.16.3.1. Control of Water Ingress
9.16.3.2. Hydrostatic Pressure
9.16.3.3. Floor Drains
​
9.16.4. Concrete
9.16.4.1. Surface Finish
9.16.4.2. Topping Course
9.16.4.3. Thickness
9.16.4.4. Bond Break
​
9.16.5. Wood
9.16.5.1. Wood-Frame Floors
9_17
9.17.1. Scope
9.17.1.1. Application
​
9.17.2. General
9.17.2.1. Location
9.17.2.2. Lateral Support
​
9.17.3. Steel Columns
9.17.3.1. Size and Thickness
9.17.3.2. End Bearing Plates
9.17.3.3. Paint
9.17.3.4. Design of Steel Columns
​
9.17.4. Wood Columns
9.17.4.1. Column Sizes
9.17.4.2. Materials
9.17.4.3. Columns in Contact with Concrete
​
9.17.5. Unit Masonry Columns
9.17.5.1. Materials
9.17.5.2. Sizes
​
9.17.6. Solid Concrete Columns
9.17.6.1. Materials
9.17.6.2. Sizes
9_18
9.18.1. General
9.18.1.1. Application
9.18.1.2. Foundations
9.18.1.3. Heated and Unheated Crawl Spaces
​
9.18.2. Access
9.18.2.1. Access Openings
​
9.18.3. Ventilation
9.18.3.1. Ventilation of Unheated Crawl Spaces
9.18.3.2. Ventilation of Heated Crawl Spaces
​
9.18.4. Clearance
9.18.4.1. Access Way to Services
​
9.18.5. Drainage
9.18.5.1. Drainage
​
9.18.6. Ground Cover
9.18.6.1. Ground Cover in Unheated Crawl Spaces
9.18.6.2. Ground Cover in Heated Crawl Spaces
​
9.18.7. Fire Protection
9.18.7.1. Crawl Spaces as Warm Air Plenums
9_19
9.19.1. Venting
9.19.1.1. Required Venting
9.19.1.2. Vent Requirements
9.19.1.3. Clearances
9.19.1.4. Mansard or Gambrel Roof
9.19.2. Access
9.19.2.1. Access
9_20
9.20.1. Application
9.20.1.1. General
9.20.1.2. Earthquake Reinforcement
​
9.20.2. Masonry Units
9.20.2.1. Masonry Unit Standards
9.20.2.2. Used Brick
9.20.2.3. Glass Blocks
9.20.2.4. Cellular Concrete
9.20.2.5. Stone
9.20.2.6. Concrete Blocks Exposed to the Weather
9.20.2.7. Compressive Strength - table
​
9.20.3. Mortar and Grout
9.20.3.1. Materials
9.20.3.2. Mortar and Grout Mixes - table
​
9.20.4. Mortar Joints
9.20.4.1. Thickness
9.20.4.2. Solid Masonry Units
9.20.4.3. Laying of Masonry Units
​
9.20.5. Masonry Support
9.20.5.1. Masonry Support
9.20.5.2. Lintels or Arches - table
​
9.20.6. Thickness and Height
9.20.6.1. Thickness of Exterior Walls
9.20.6.2. Cavity Walls
9.20.6.3. Thickness of Interior Walls
9.20.6.4. Masonry Veneer
9.20.6.5. Parapet Walls
9.20.6.6. Stone or Concrete Facings
​
9.20.7. Chases and Recesses
9.20.7.1. Maximum Dimensions
9.20.7.2. Minimum Wall Thickness
9.20.7.3. Separation of Chases or Recesses
9.20.7.4. Non-Conforming Chases or Recesses
9.20.7.5. Chases or Recesses Cut into Walls
​
9.20.8. Support of Loads
9.20.8.1. Capping of Hollow Masonry Walls
9.20.8.2. Cavity Walls Supporting Framing Members
9.20.8.3. Bearing of Beams and Joists
9.20.8.4. Support of Beams and Columns
9.20.8.5. Projection of Masonry Veneer Beyond Supporting Members
​
9.20.9. Bonding and Tying
9.20.9.1. Joints to be Offset or Reinforced
9.20.9.2. Bonding or Tying of Other than Masonry Veneer
9.20.9.3. Bonding
9.20.9.4. Tying
9.20.9.5. Ties for Masonry Veneer - table
9.20.9.6. Reinforcing for Glass Block
​
9.20.10. Lateral Support
9.20.10.1. Lateral Support Required
​
9.20.11. Anchorage of Roofs, Floors and Intersecting Walls
9.20.11.1. Anchorage to Floor or Roof Assemblies where Masonry Walls Require Lateral
Support
9.20.11.2. Bonding and Tying Intersecting Masonry Walls where Walls Require Lateral
Support
9.20.11.3. Anchoring Intersecting Wood-Frame Walls to Masonry Walls
9.20.11.4. Anchoring Wood-Frame Roof Systems to Masonry Walls
9.20.11.5. Anchoring Masonry Cornices, Sills and Trim to Masonry Walls
9.20.11.6. Anchoring to Masonry Piers
​
9.20.12. Corbelling
9.20.12.1. Corbelling
9.20.12.2. Corbelling for Cavity Walls
9.20.12.3. Corbelling for Masonry Veneer
​
9.20.13. Control of Rainwater Penetration
9.20.13.1. Materials for Flashing - table
9.20.13.2. Fastening of Flashing
9.20.13.3. Location of Flashing
9.20.13.4. Extension of Flashing
9.20.13.5. Flashing for Weep Holes in Masonry/Masonry Walls
9.20.13.6. Flashing for Weep Holes in Masonry Veneer
9.20.13.7. Flashing Joints
9.20.13.8. Required Weep Holes
9.20.13.9. Protection of Interior Finish
9.20.13.10. Mortar Droppings
9.20.13.11. Caulking at Door and Window Frames
​
9.20.14. Protection during Work
9.20.14.1. Laying Temperature of Mortar and Masonry
9.20.14.2. Protection from Weather
​
9.20.15. Reinforcement for Earthquake Resistance
9.20.15.1. Amount of Reinforcement
9.20.15.2. Installation Standard
​
9.20.16. Corrosion Resistance
9.20.16.1. Corrosion Resistance of Connectors - table
​
9.20.17. Above-Ground Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls
9.20.17.1. Thickness of Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls
9.20.17.2. Reinforcement for Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls
9.20.17.3. Openings in Non-Loadbearing Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls
9.20.17.4. Openings in Loadbearing Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls
9.20.17.5. Framing Supported on Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls - table
9.20.17.6. Anchoring of Roof Framing to the Top of Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls
9.20.17.7. Protection from Precipitation and Damage
9_21
9.21.1. General
9.21.1.1. Application
9.21.1.2. Chimney or Flue Pipe Walls
​
9.21.2. Chimney Flues
9.21.2.1. Chimney Flue Limitations
9.21.2.2. Connections of More Than One Appliance
9.21.2.3. Inclined Chimney Flues
9.21.2.4. Size of Chimney Flues
9.21.2.5. Fireplace Chimneys - table
9.21.2.6. Oval Chimney Flues
​
9.21.3. Chimney Lining
9.21.3.1. Lining Materials
9.21.3.2. Joints in Chimney Liners
9.21.3.3. Clay Liners
9.21.3.4. Firebrick Liners
9.21.3.5. Concrete Liners
9.21.3.6. Metal Liners
9.21.3.7. Installation of Chimney Liners
9.21.3.8. Spaces between Liners and Surrounding Masonry
9.21.3.9. Mortar for Chimney Liners
9.21.3.10. Extension of Chimney Liners
​
9.21.4. Masonry and Concrete Chimney Construction
9.21.4.1. Unit Masonry
9.21.4.2. Concrete
9.21.4.3. Footings
9.21.4.4. Height of Chimney Flues
9.21.4.5. Lateral Stability
9.21.4.6. Chimney Caps
9.21.4.7. Cleanout
9.21.4.8. Wall Thickness
9.21.4.9. Separation of Flue Liners
9.21.4.10. Flashing
​
9.21.5. Clearance from Combustible Construction
9.21.5.1. Clearance from Combustible Materials
9.21.5.2. Sealing of Spaces
9.21.5.3. Support of Joists or Beams
9_22
9.22.1. General
9.22.1.1. Application
9.22.1.2. Masonry and Concrete
9.22.1.3. Footings
9.22.1.4. Combustion Air
​
9.22.2. Fireplace Liners
9.22.2.1. Brick or Steel Liners
9.22.2.2. Firebrick Liners
9.22.2.3. Steel Liners
​
9.22.3. Fireplace Walls
9.22.3.1. Thickness of Walls
​
9.22.4. Fire Chamber
9.22.4.1. Fire Chamber Dimensions
​
9.22.5. Hearth
9.22.5.1. Hearth Extension
9.22.5.2. Support of Hearth
​
9.22.6. Damper
9.22.6.1. Required Damper and Size
​
9.22.7. Smoke Chamber
9.22.7.1. Slope of Smoke Chamber
9.22.7.2. Wall Thickness
​
9.22.8. Factory-Built Fireplaces
9.22.8.1. Conformance to Standard
​
9.22.9. Clearance of Combustible Material
9.22.9.1. Clearance to the Fireplace Opening
9.22.9.2. Metal Exposed to the Interior
9.22.9.3. Clearance to Combustible Framing
9.22.9.4. Heat-Circulating Duct Outlets
​
9.22.10. Fireplace Inserts and Hearth-Mounted Stoves
9.22.10.1. Appliance Standard
9.22.10.2. Installation
9_23
9.23.1. Application
9.23.1.1. Limitations
​
9.23.2. General
9.23.2.1. Strength and Rigidity
9.23.2.2. Protection from Decay
9.23.2.3. Protection from Dampness
9.23.2.4. Lumber
​
9.23.3. Fasteners
9.23.3.1. Standards for Nails and Screws - table
9.23.3.2. Length of Nails
9.23.3.3. Prevention of Splitting
9.23.3.4. Nailing of Framing - table
9.23.3.5. Fasteners for Sheathing or Subflooring - table
​
9.23.4. Maximum Spans
9.23.4.1. Application
9.23.4.2. Spans for Joists, Rafters and Beams
9.23.4.3. Steel Beams - table
9.23.4.4. Concrete Topping
9.23.4.5. Heavy Roofing Materials
​
9.23.5. Notching and Drilling
9.23.5.1. Holes Drilled in Framing Members
9.23.5.2. Notching of Framing Members
9.23.5.3. Wall Studs
9.23.5.4. Top Plates
9.23.5.5. Roof Trusses
​
9.23.6. Anchorage
9.23.6.1. Anchorage of Building Frames - tables
9.23.6.2. Anchorage of Columns and Posts
9.23.6.3. Anchorage of Smaller Buildings
​
9.23.7. Sill Plates
9.23.7.1. Size of Sill Plates
9.23.7.2. Levelling and Sealing of Sill Plates
​
9.23.8. Beams to Support Floors
9.23.8.1. Bearing for Beams
9.23.8.2. Priming of Steel Beams
9.23.8.3. Built-up Wood Beams
​
9.23.9. Floor Joists
9.23.9.1. End Bearing for Joists
9.23.9.2. Joists Supported by Beams
9.23.9.3. Restraint of Joist Bottoms
9.23.9.4. Strapping, Bridging, Furring and Ceilings in Span Tables 9.23.4.2.-A and -B
9.23.9.5. Header Joists
9.23.9.5. Header Joists
9.23.9.6. Trimmer Joists
9.23.9.7. Support of Tail and Header Joists
9.23.9.8. Support of Walls
9.23.9.9. Cantilevered Floor Joists
9.23.10. Wall Studs
9.23.10.1. Stud Size and Spacing [table]
9.23.10.2. Bracing and Lateral Support
9.23.10.3. Orientation of Studs
9.23.10.4. Continuity of Studs
9.23.10.5. Support for Cladding, Sheathing and Finishing Materials
9.23.10.6. Studs at Sides of Openings
9.23.11. Wall Plates
9.23.11.1. Size of Wall Plates
9.23.11.2. Bottom Wall Plates
9.23.11.3. Top Plates
9.23.11.4. Joints in Top Plates [table]
​
9.23.12. Framing over Openings
9.23.12.1. Openings in Non-Loadbearing Walls
9.23.12.2. Openings in Loadbearing Walls
9.23.12.3. Lintel Spans and Sizes
9.23.13. Bracing to Resist Lateral Loads Due to Wind and Earthquake
9.23.13.1. Requirements for Low to Moderate Wind and Seismic Forces
9.23.13.2. Requirements for High Wind and Seismic Forces
9.23.13.3. Requirements for Extreme Wind and Seismic Forces
9.23.13.4. Braced Wall Bands
9.23.13.5. Braced Wall Panels in Braced Wall Bands [table]
9.23.13.6. Materials in Braced Wall Panels [table]
9.23.13.7. Additional System Considerations
​
9.23.14. Roof and Ceiling Framing
9.23.14.1. Continuity of Rafters and Joists
9.23.14.2. Framing around Openings
9.23.14.3. End Bearing Length
9.23.14.4. Location and Attachment of Rafters
9.23.14.5. Shaping of Rafters
9.23.14.6. Hip and Valley Rafters
9.23.14.7. Intermediate Support for Rafters and Joists
9.23.14.8. Ridge Support [table]
9.23.14.9. Restraint of Joist Bottoms
9.23.14.10. Ceiling Joists Supporting Roof Load
9.23.14.11. Roof Trusses
​
9.23.15. Subflooring
9.23.15.1. Subflooring Required
9.23.15.2. Material Standards
9.23.15.3. Edge Support
9.23.15.4. Direction of Installation
9.23.15.5. Subfloor Thickness or Rating [table]
9.23.15.6. Annular Grooved Nails
9.23.15.7. Lumber Subflooring
​
9.23.16. Roof Sheathing
9.23.16.1. Required Roof Sheathing
9.23.16.2. Material Standards
9.23.16.3. Direction of Installation
9.23.16.4. Joints in Panel-Type Sheathing
9.23.16.5. Lumber Roof Sheathing
9.23.16.6. Edge Support
9.23.16.7. Thickness or Rating [table]
​
9.23.17. Wall Sheathing
9.23.17.1. Required Sheathing
9.23.17.2. Thickness, Rating and Material Standards [table]
9.23.17.3. Attachment of Cladding to Sheathing
9.23.17.4. Lumber Sheathing
9.23.17.5. Joints in Panel-Type Sheathing
9.23.17.6. Mansard Style Roofs
9_24
9.24.1. General
9.24.1.1. Application
9.24.1.2. Material Standards
9.24.1.3. Metal Thickness
9.24.1.4. Screws
9.24.1.5. Cladding, Sheathing and Interior Finish Required
​
9.24.2. Size of Framing
9.24.2.1. Size and Spacing of Studs in Interior Walls - table
9.24.2.2. Thickness of Studs
9.24.2.3. Runners
9.24.2.4. Openings in Fire Separations
9.24.2.5. Size and Spacing of Studs in Exterior Walls - table
​
9.24.3. Installation
9.24.3.1. Installation of Runners
9.24.3.2. Fire-Rated Walls
9.24.3.3. Orientation of Studs
9.24.3.4. Support for Cladding Materials
9.24.3.5. Framing around Openings
9.24.3.6. Attachment of Studs to Runners
9.24.3.7. Openings for Fire Dampers
9_25
9.25.1. General
9.25.1.1. Scope and Application
​
9.25.2. Thermal Insulation
9.25.2.1. Required Insulation
9.25.2.2. Insulation Materials
9.25.2.3. Installation of Thermal Insulation
9.25.2.4. Installation of Loose-Fill Insulation
9.25.2.5. Installation of Spray-Applied Polyurethane
​
9.25.3. Air Barrier Systems
9.25.3.1. Required Barrier to Air Leakage
9.25.3.2. Air Barrier System Properties
9.25.3.3. Continuity of the Air Barrier System
9.25.3.4. Air Leakage Control in Masonry Walls
9.25.3.5. Air Leakage Control in Underground Roofs
9.25.3.6. Air Barrier Systems in Floors-on-ground
​
9.25.4. Vapour Barriers
9.25.4.1. Required Barrier to Vapour Diffusion
9.25.4.2. Vapour Barrier Materials
9.25.4.3. Installation of Vapour Barriers
​
9.25.5. Properties and Position of Materials in the Building Envelope
9.25.5.1. General
9.25.5.2. Position of Low Permeance Materials - table
9_26
9.26.1. General
9.26.1.1. Definitions
9.26.1.2. Required Protection
9.26.1.3. Alternative Installation Methods
​
9.26.2. Roofing Materials
9.26.2.1. Material Standards - table
9.26.2.2. Installation of Materials
9.26.2.3. Nails
9.26.2.4. Staples
​
9.26.3. Slope of Roofed Surfaces
9.26.3.1. Slope - table
​
9.26.4. Flashing at Intersections
9.26.4.1. Required Flashing at Intersections
9.26.4.2. Materials
9.26.4.3. Valley Flashing
9.26.4.4. Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Masonry
9.26.4.5. Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Walls other than Masonry
9.26.4.6. Intersection of Built-Up Roofs and Masonry
9.26.4.7. Intersection of Built-Up Roofs and Walls other than Masonry
9.26.4.8. Chimney Saddles
​
9.26.5. Eave Protection for Shingles and Shakes
9.26.5.1. Required Eave Protection
9.26.5.2. Materials
​
9.26.6. Underlay beneath Shingles
9.26.6.1. Materials
9.26.6.2. Installation
​
9.26.7. Asphalt Shingles on Slopes of 1 in 3 or Greater
9.26.7.1. Coverage
9.26.7.2. Starter Strip
9.26.7.3. Head Lap
9.26.7.4. Fastener
9.26.7.5. Securing of Tabs
9.26.7.6. Hips and Ridges
9.26.7.7. Eave Protection
9.26.7.8. Flashing
​
9.26.8. Asphalt Shingles on Slopes of less than 1 in 3
9.26.8.1. Coverage
9.26.8.2. Starter Strip
9.26.8.3. Securing of Tabs
9.26.8.4. Securing of Shingle Courses
9.26.8.5. Hips and Ridges
9.26.8.6. Flashing
9.26.8.7. Fastening
​
9.26.9. Wood Roof Shingles
9.26.9.1. Decking
9.26.9.2. Grade
9.26.9.3. Size
9.26.9.4. Spacing and Joints
9.26.9.5. Fastening
9.26.9.6. Exposure - table
9.26.9.7. Flashing
9.26.9.8. Eave Protection
​
9.26.10. Cedar Roof Shakes
9.26.10.1. Size and Thickness
9.26.10.2. Underlay
9.26.10.3. Spacing and Joints
9.26.10.4. Fastening
9.26.10.5. Exposure
9.26.10.6. Flashing
9.26.10.7. Eave Protection
9.26.10.8. Grade
​
9.26.11. Built-Up Roofs
9.26.11.1. Quantity of Materials - table
9.26.11.2. Coal-Tar and Asphalt Products
9.26.11.3. Roof Felts
9.26.11.4. Aggregate Surfacing
9.26.11.5. Flashing
9.26.11.6. Number of Layers
9.26.11.7. Installation of Layers
9.26.11.8. Roofing over Wood-Based Sheathing
9.26.11.9. Attachment to Decking
9.26.11.10. Cant Strips
​
9.26.12. Selvage Roofing
9.26.12.1. Coverage
9.26.12.2. Joints
​
9.26.13. Sheet Metal Roofing
9.26.13.1. Thickness
9.26.13.2. Support
​
9.26.14. Glass Reinforced Polyester Roofing
9.26.14.1. Support
​
9.26.15. Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt Roofing
9.26.15.1. Installation
​
9.26.16. Polyvinyl Chloride Sheet Roofing
9.26.16.1. Installation
​
9.26.17. Concrete Roof Tiles
9.26.17.1. Installation
9.26.18. Roof Drains and Downspouts
9.26.18.1. Roof Drains
9.26.18.2. Downspouts
9_27
9.27.1. Application
9.27.1.1. General
​
9.27.2. Required Protection from Precipitation
9.27.2.1. Minimizing and Preventing Ingress and Damage
9.27.2.2. Minimum Protection from Precipitation Ingress
9.27.2.3. First and Second Planes of Protection
9.27.2.4. Protection of Cladding from Moisture
​
9.27.3. Second Plane of Protection
9.27.3.1. Elements of the Second Plane of Protection
9.27.3.2. Sheathing Membrane Material Standard
9.27.3.3. Required Sheathing Membrane and Installation
9.27.3.4. Insulating Sheathing in lieu of Sheathing Membrane
9.27.3.5. Sheathing Membranes in lieu of Sheathing
9.27.3.6. Face Sealed Cladding
9.27.3.7. Flashing Materials
9.27.3.8. Flashing Installation
​
9.27.4. Sealants
9.27.4.1. Required Sealants
9.27.4.2. Materials
​
9.27.5. Attachment of Cladding
9.27.5.1. Attachment
9.27.5.2. Blocking
9.27.5.3. Furring
9.27.5.4. Size and Spacing of Fasteners - table
9.27.5.5. Fastener Materials
9.27.5.6. Expansion and Contraction
9.27.5.7. Penetration of Fasteners
​
9.27.6. Lumber Siding
9.27.6.1. Materials
9.27.6.2. Thickness and Width
9.27.6.3. Joints
​
9.27.7. Wood Shingles and Shakes
9.27.7.1. Materials
9.27.7.2. Width
9.27.7.3. Fasteners
9.27.7.4. Offsetting of Joints
9.27.7.5. Fastening to Lath
9.27.7.6. Exposure and Thickness - table
​
9.27.8. Plywood
9.27.8.1. Material Standards
9.27.8.2. Thickness - table
9.27.8.3. Edge Treatment
9.27.8.4. Panel Cladding
9.27.8.5. Lapped Strip Siding
​
9.27.9. Hardboard
9.27.9.1. Material Standards
9.27.9.2. Thickness
9.27.9.3. Panel Cladding
9.27.9.4. Lapped Strip Siding
9.27.9.5. Clearance
​
9.27.10. OSB and Waferboard
9.27.10.1. Material Standard
9.27.10.2. Thickness
9.27.10.3. Panel Cladding
9.27.10.4. Clearance
​
9.27.11. Metal
9.27.11.1. Material Standards
​
9.27.12. Vinyl Siding
9.27.12.1. Material Standard
9.27.12.2. Attachment
9.27.13. Exterior Insulation Finish Systems
9.27.13.1. Application
9.27.13.2. Materials
9.27.13.3. Design and Installation
9_28
9.28.1. General
9.28.1.1. Sheathing beneath Stucco
9.28.1.2. Lath and Reinforcing
9.28.1.3. Concrete Masonry Units
9.28.1.4. Clearance over Ground Level
9.28.1.5. Flashing and Caulking
​
9.28.2. Stucco Materials
9.28.2.1. Portland Cement
9.28.2.2. Aggregate - table
9.28.2.3. Water
​
9.28.3. Fasteners
9.28.3.1. Materials
9.28.3.2. Nails and Staples
​
9.28.4. Stucco Lath
9.28.4.1. Materials
9.28.4.2. No Sheathing Required
9.28.4.3. Stucco Lath Specifications - table
9.28.4.4. Self-Furring Devices
9.28.4.5. Application of Stucco Lath
9.28.4.6. Fastening
​
9.28.5. Stucco Mixes
9.28.5.1. Mixes - table
9.28.5.2. Pigments
9.28.5.3. Mixing
​
9.28.6. Stucco Application
9.28.6.1. Low Temperature Conditions
9.28.6.2. Number of Coats and Total Thickness
9.28.6.3. First Coat
9.28.6.4. Second Coat
9.28.6.5. Finish Coat
9_29
9.29.1. General
9.29.1.1. Fire Protection and Sound Control
​
9.29.2. Waterproof Wall Finish
9.29.2.1. Where Required
9.29.2.2. Materials
​
9.29.3. Wood Furring
9.29.3.1. Size and Spacing of Furring - table
9.29.3.2. Fastening
​
9.29.4. Plastering
9.29.4.1. Application
​
9.29.5. Gypsum Board Finish (Taped Joints)
9.29.5.1. Application
9.29.5.2. Materials
9.29.5.3. Maximum Spacing of Supports - table
9.29.5.4. Support of Insulation
9.29.5.5. Length of Fasteners - tablew
9.29.5.6. Nails
9.29.5.7. Screws
9.29.5.8. Spacing of Nails
9.29.5.9. Spacing of Screws
9.29.5.10. Low Temperature Conditions
​
9.29.6. Plywood Finish
9.29.6.1. Thickness
9.29.6.2. Grooved Plywood
9.29.6.3. Nails and Staples
9.29.6.4. Edge Support
​
9.29.7. Hardboard Finish
9.29.7.1. Material Standard
9.29.7.2. Thickness
9.29.7.3. Nails
9.29.7.4. Edge Support
​
9.29.8. Insulating Fibreboard Finish
9.29.8.1. Material Standard
9.29.8.2. Thickness
9.29.8.3. Nails
9.29.8.4. Edge Support
​
9.29.9. Particleboard, OSB or Waferboard Finish
9.29.9.1. Material Standard
9.29.9.2. Minimum Thickness
9.29.9.3. Nails
9.29.9.4. Edge Support
​
9.29.10. Wall Tile Finish
9.29.10.1. Tile Application
9.29.10.2. Mortar Base
9.29.10.3. Adhesives
9.29.10.4. Moisture-Resistant Backing
9.29.10.5. Joints between Tiles and Bathtub
9_30
9.30.1. General
9.30.1.1. Required Finished Flooring
9.30.1.2. Water Resistance
9.30.1.3. Sleepers
9.30.1.4. Finish Quality
​
9.30.2. Panel-Type Underlay
9.30.2.1. Required Underlay
9.30.2.2. Materials and Thickness
9.30.2.3. Fastening
9.30.2.4. Joints Offset
9.30.2.5. Surface Defects
​
9.30.3. Wood Strip Flooring
9.30.3.1. Thickness - table
9.30.3.2. Strip Direction and End Joints
9.30.3.3. Nailing - table
9.30.3.4. Staples
​
9.30.4. Parquet Flooring
9.30.4.1. Adhesive
​
9.30.5. Resilient Flooring
9.30.5.1. Materials
​
9.30.6. Ceramic Tile
9.30.6.1. Substrate
9_31
9.31.1. Scope
9.31.1.1. Application
​
9.31.2. General
9.31.2.1. General
9.31.2.2. Corrosion Protection
9.31.2.3. Grab Bars
​
9.31.3. Water Supply and Distribution
9.31.3.1. Required Water Supply
9.31.3.2. Required Connections
​
9.31.4. Required Facilities
9.31.4.1. Required Fixtures
9.31.4.2. Hot Water Supply
9.31.4.3. Floor Drains
​
9.31.5. Sewage Disposal
9.31.5.1. Building Sewer
9.31.5.2. Discharge of Sewage
​
9.31.6. Service Water Heating Facilities
9.31.6.1. Hot Water Supply
9.31.6.2. Equipment and Installation
9.31.6.3. Corrosion-Resistant Coating
9.31.6.4. Fuel-Burning Heaters
9.31.6.5. Heating Coils
9_32
9.32.1. General
9.32.1.1. Application
9.32.1.2. Required Ventilation
9.32.1.3. Venting of Laundry-Drying Equipment
​
9.32.2. Non-Heating-Season Ventilation
9.32.2.1. Required Ventilation
9.32.2.2. Non-Heating-Season Natural Ventilation
9.32.2.3. Reserved
​
9.32.3. Heating-Season Mechanical Ventilation
9.32.3.1. Required Ventilation
9.32.3.2. Design and Installation
9.32.3.3. Mechanical Ventilation System Components
9.32.3.4. Ventilation System Supply Air
9.32.3.5. Principal Ventilation System Exhaust Fan - table
9.32.3.6. Kitchen and Bathroom Exhaust Fans
9.32.3.7. Heated Crawl Space Ventilation
9.32.3.8. Air Ducts - table
9.32.3.9. Outdoor Inlets and Outlets
9.32.3.10. Interior Distribution
​
9.32.4. Additional Protection Against Depressurization
9.32.4.1. Protection Requirements
9.32.4.2. Carbon Monoxide Alarms
9_33
9.33.1. General
9.33.1.1. Application
​
9.33.2. Required Heating Systems
9.33.2.1. Required Heating Systems
​
9.33.3. Design Temperatures
9.33.3.1. Indoor Design Temperatures
9.33.3.2. Outdoor Design Temperatures
​
9.33.4. General Requirements for Heating and Air-conditioning Systems
9.33.4.1. Design of Heating and Air-conditioning Systems
9.33.4.2. Installation of Hydronic Heating Systems
9.33.4.3. Heating System Control
9.33.4.4. Access
9.33.4.5. Protection from Freezing
9.33.4.6. Expansion, Contraction and System Pressure
9.33.4.7. Structural Movement
9.33.4.8. Asbestos
9.33.4.9. Contaminant Transfer
​
9.33.5. Heating and Air-conditioning Appliances and Equipment
9.33.5.1. Capacity of Heating Appliances
9.33.5.2. Installation Standards
9.33.5.3. Design, Construction and Installation Standard for Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances
9.33.5.4. Fireplaces
9.33.6. Air Duct Systems
9.33.6.1. Application
9.33.6.2. Materials in Air Duct Systems
9.33.6.3. Tape
9.33.6.4. Coverings, Linings, Adhesives and Insulation
9.33.6.5. Galvanized Steel or Aluminum Supply Ducts - table
9.33.6.6. Construction of Ducts and Plenums
9.33.6.7. Installation of Ducts and Plenums
9.33.6.8. Clearances of Ducts and Plenums
9.33.6.9. Adjustable Dampers and Balance Stops
9.33.6.10. Warm-Air Supply Outlets and Return Inlets – General
9.33.6.11. Warm-Air Supply Outlets
9.33.6.12. Return-Air Inlets
9.33.6.13. Return-Air System
9.33.6.14. Filters and Odour Removal Equipment
​
9.33.7. Radiators and Convectors
9.33.7.1. Recessed Radiators and Convectors
9.33.7.2. Surface Temperature
​
9.33.8. Piping for Heating and Cooling Systems
9.33.8.1. Piping Materials and Installation
9.33.8.2. Insulation and Coverings
9.33.8.3. Clearances - table
9.33.8.4. Protection
​
9.33.9. Refrigerating Systems and Equipment for Air-conditioning
9.33.9.1. Cooling Units
​
9.33.10. Chimneys and Venting Equipment
9.33.10.1. Requirement for Venting
9.33.10.2. Factory-Built Chimneys
9.33.10.3. Masonry or Concrete Chimneys
9_34
9.34.1. General
9.34.1.1. Standard for Electrical Installations
9.34.1.2. Required Facilities
9.34.1.3. Location of Equipment in Public Areas
9.34.1.4. Recessed Lighting Fixtures
9.34.1.5. Wiring and Cables
​
9.34.2. Lighting Outlets
9.34.2.1. Lighting of Entrances
9.34.2.2. Outlets in Dwelling Units
9.34.2.3. Stairways
9.34.2.4. Basements
9.34.2.5. Storage Rooms
9.34.2.6. Garages and Carports
9.34.2.7. Public and Service Areas - table
​
9.34.3. Emergency Lighting
9.34.3.1. Criteria for Emergency Lighting
9_35
9.35.1. Scope
9.35.1.1. Application
9.35.1.2. Construction Requirements
​
9.35.2. General
9.35.2.1. Carport Considered to be Garage
9.35.2.2. Garage Floor
​
9.35.3. Foundations
9.35.3.1. Foundation Required
9.35.3.2. Protection from Damage due to Soil Movement
9.35.3.3. Drainage
9.35.3.4. Column Piers
​
9.35.4. Walls and Columns
9.35.4.1. Interior Finish
9.35.4.2. Columns
9.35.4.3. Anchorage
9_36
9.36.1. General
9.36.1.1. Scope
9.36.1.2. Definitions
9.36.1.3. Compliance and Application
​
9.36.2. Building Envelope
9.36.2.1. Scope and Application
9.36.2.2. Determination of Thermal Characteristics of Materials, Components and Assemblies
9.36.2.3. Calculation of Ceiling, Wall, Fenestration and Door Areas
9.36.2.4. Calculation of Effective Thermal Resistance of Assemblies
9.36.2.5. Continuity of Insulation
9.36.2.6. Thermal Characteristics of Above-ground Opaque Building Assemblies - table
9.36.2.7. Thermal Characteristics of Fenestration, Doors and Skylights - table
9.36.2.8. Thermal Characteristics of Building Assemblies Below-Grade or in Contact with the Ground - table
9.36.2.9. Airtightness
9.36.2.10. Construction of Air Barrier Details
9.36.2.11. Trade-off Options for Above-ground Building Envelope Components and Assemblies
​
9.36.3. HVAC Requirements
9.36.3.1. Scope and Application
9.36.3.2. Equipment and Ducts
9.36.3.3. Air Intake and Outlet Dampers
9.36.3.4. Piping for Heating and Cooling Systems
9.36.3.5. Equipment for Heating and Air-conditioning Systems
9.36.3.6. Temperature Controls
9.36.3.7. Humidification
9.36.3.8. Heat Recovery from Dehumidification in Spaces with an Indoor Pool or Hot Tub
9.36.3.9. Heat Recovery from Ventilation Systems
9.36.3.10. Equipment Efficiency - table
9.36.3.11. Solar Thermal Systems
​
9.36.4. Service Water Heating Systems
9.36.4.1. Scope and Application
9.36.4.2. Equipment Efficiency - table
9.36.4.3. Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems
9.36.4.4. Piping
9.36.4.5. Controls
9.36.4.6. Indoor Swimming Pool Equipment Controls
​
9.36.5. Energy Performance Compliance
9.36.5.1. Scope and Application
9.36.5.2. Definitions
9.36.5.3. Compliance
9.36.5.4. Calculation Methods - table
9.36.5.5. Climatic Data
9.36.5.6. Building Envelope Calculations
9.36.5.7. HVAC System Calculations
9.36.5.8. Service Water Heating System Calculations - table
9.36.5.9. General Requirements for Modeling the Proposed House
9.36.5.10. Modeling Building Envelope of Proposed House
9.36.5.11. Modeling HVAC System of Proposed House
9.36.5.12. Modeling Service Water Heating System of Proposed House
9.36.5.13. General Requirements for Modeling the Reference House
9.36.5.14. Modeling Building Envelope of Reference House
9.36.5.15. Modeling HVAC System of Reference House
9.36.5.16. Modeling Service Water Heating System of Reference House
​
9.36.6. Energy Step Code
9.36.6.1. Application
9.36.6.2. Definitions
9.36.6.3. Compliance Requirements - table
9.36.6.4. Energy Modelling
9.36.6.5. Building Envelope Airtightness Testing
Notes
Fire Sound
Span Tables
Maximum Allowable Clear Spans for Lintels in Flat Loadbearing Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Walls
Maximum Spans for Floor Joists
Maximum Spans for Ceiling Joists – Attic not Accessible by a Stairway
Maximum Spans for Roof Joists
Maximum Spans for Roof Rafters
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting not more than One Floor
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting not more than Two Floors
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting not more than Three Floors
Maximum Spans for Glued-Laminated Floor Beams
Maximum Spans for Built-up Ridge Beams and Lintels Supporting the Roof and Ceiling Only
Maximum Spans for Douglas Fir – Larch Lintels
Maximum Spans for Hem – Fir Lintels
Maximum Spans for Spruce – Pine – Fir Lintels
Maximum Spans for Glued-Laminated Timber Lintels
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